Kamba Moja

Foundation stones are the building stones used at the base of a structure to provide strength, stability, and a level surface for walls or columns to rise upon. They are crucial in load distribution and durability of any building. Here’s a detailed description: 1. Purpose of Foundation Stones Load Bearing: Transfer the weight of the structure evenly to the soil. Stability: Prevent differential settlement or tilting of walls. Moisture Barrier: Reduce rising dampness when properly layered. Leveling: Provide a flat and stable base for the first course of masonry. 2. Characteristics of Good Foundation Stones Strong and Durable: High compressive strength to handle heavy loads. Hard and Tough: Resistant to wear and impact. Low Water Absorption: Prevents weakening from moisture. Proper Shape and Size: Rectangular or squared for easy placement. 3. Common Types of Stones for Foundations Machine-Cut Stones (popular in Kenya): Rough cut (6"×9") for lower cost, high strength. Smooth dressed for neat foundations. Natural Quarry Stones: Hard, dense, and irregular. Granite and Basalt: Used in high-load or multi-story buildings. Limestone or Sandstone: Used where available but treated for water resistance. 4. Sizes and Placement Typical Size: 6" × 9" (150 mm × 225 mm) in Kenya for residential projects. Placement: Laid in courses (rows) with mortar between them. First layer usually larger to spread the load. Voids are filled with concrete or mortar for strength.